Climate collapse: Post-Dubai floods, the WMO says Asia is worst hit

Virendra Pandit

New Delhi: Days after the worst Dubai floods in 75 years, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has said Asia was the planet’s most disaster-hit region from climate and weather hazards in 2023.

The WMO, the United Nations’ weather and climate agency, said on Tuesday, that floods and storms are the chief cause of casualties and economic losses, the media reported.

Global temperatures hit record highs last year, and Asia, home to the world’s 60 percent population, was warming at a particularly rapid pace. The impact of heatwaves in Asia was becoming more severe, with melting glaciers threatening the region’s future water security.

It said Asia was warming faster than the global average, with temperatures last year rising nearly two degrees Celsius above the 1961 to 1990 average.

“The report’s conclusions are sobering,” WMO chief Celeste Saulo said in a statement.

“Many countries in the region experienced their hottest year on record in 2023, along with a barrage of extreme conditions, from droughts and heatwaves to floods and storms.

“Climate change exacerbated the frequency and severity of such events, profoundly impacting societies, economies, and, most importantly, human lives and the environment that we live in.”

The “State of the Climate in Asia 2023” report highlighted the accelerating rate of key climate change indicators such as surface temperature, glacier retreat, and sea level rise, adding they would have serious repercussions for societies, economies, and ecosystems in the region.

“Asia remained the world’s most disaster-hit region from weather, climate, and water-related hazards in 2023,” the WMO said.

The annual mean near-surface temperature over Asia in 2023 was the second highest on record, at 0.91 degrees Celsius above the 1991-2020 average, and 1.87 C above the 1961-1990 average.

Particularly high average temperatures were recorded from western Siberia to central Asia, and from eastern China to Japan, the report said, with Japan having its hottest summer on record.

As for precipitation, it was below normal in the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush mountain ranges in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Meanwhile, southwest China suffered from a drought, with below-normal precipitation levels in nearly every month of the year.

The High-Mountain Asia region, centered on the Tibetan Plateau, contains the largest volume of ice outside of the polar regions.

Over the last several decades, most of these glaciers have been retreating, and at an accelerating rate, the WMO said, with 20 out of 22 monitored glaciers in the region showing continued mass loss last year.

The report said 2023 sea-surface temperatures in the northwest Pacific Ocean were the highest on record.

Last year, 79 disasters associated with water-related weather hazards were reported in Asia. Of those, over 80 percent were floods and storms, with more than 2,000 deaths reported and nine million people directly affected.

“Floods were the leading cause of death in reported events in 2023 by a substantial margin,” the WMO said, noting the continuing high level of vulnerability of Asia to natural hazard events.

Because of a typhoon, Hong Kong recorded 158.1 millimeters of rainfall in one hour on September 7, 2023—the highest since records began in 1884.

The WMO emphasized an urgent need for national weather services across the region to improve tailored information to officials working on reducing disaster risks.

“It is imperative that our actions and strategies mirror the urgency of these times,” said Saulo.

“Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to the evolving climate is not merely an option, but a fundamental necessity.”