The Caucasus: Trump claims “historic” peace deal between Armenia and Azerbaijan
Virendra Pandit
New Delhi: Armenia and Azerbaijan have committed to a lasting peace after decades of conflict, US President Donald Trump said on Friday as he hosted the leaders of the South Caucasus rivals at a White House signing event.
However, the fine print and binding nature of the deal between the long-time foes—Christian-majority Armenia, and Muslim-majority Azerbaijan–remained unclear, the media reported on Saturday.
Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and Azerbaijan’s longtime President Ilham Aliyev said Trump’s mediation should earn him a Nobel Peace Prize — an award the US leader has been nominating himself for, and also mustered support from its client nations like Pakistan and Israel, besides some lawmakers here and there.
The two former Soviet republics “are committing to stop all fighting forever, open up commerce, travel, and diplomatic relations and respect each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity,” Trump said at the event.
The two leaders would have a “great relationship,” the US President said.
“But if there’s conflict… they’re going to call me and we’re going to get it straightened out,” he added.
The two neighbours have feuded for decades over their border and the status of ethnic enclaves within each other’s territories.
They went to war twice over the disputed Karabakh region, which Azerbaijan recaptured from Armenian forces in a lightning 2023 offensive, sparking the exodus of more than 100,000 ethnic Armenians.
The Azerbaijan and Armenian leaders shook hands under the satisfied gaze of Trump, before all three signed a document the White House called a “joint declaration.”
Aliyev hailed the “historic signature” between two countries which were at war for “more than three decades.”
“We are today establishing peace in the Caucasuses,” he added.
Aliyev offered to send a joint appeal, along with Pashinyan, to the Nobel committee recommending Trump receive the Peace Prize.
“Who, if not President Trump, deserves a Nobel Peace Prize?” he asked.
He also thanked Trump for lifting restrictions on US military cooperation with Azerbaijan, which was announced on Friday.
Pashinyan said the “initialling of (the) peace agreement will pave the way to end decades of conflict between our countries and open a new era.”
The Armenian leader said the “breakthrough” would not have been possible without “peacemaker” Trump, adding that the US President deserved the Nobel.
The agreement also includes establishing a transit corridor passing through Armenia to connect Azerbaijan to its exclave of Nakhchivan, a longstanding demand of Baku.
The US will have development rights for the corridor — dubbed the “Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity” (TRIPP) — in the strategic and resource-rich region.
The foreign ministry of Turkiye, a longtime supporter of Azerbaijan, hailed the “progress achieved towards establishing a lasting peace” between the two nations.
Trump has repeatedly praised his own diplomatic efforts to help halt deadly conflicts, notably between Cambodia and Thailand, as well as arch-foes India and Pakistan.
However, months of efforts have yet to solve the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war and the hunger plaguing Gaza during Israel’s offensive.
Azerbaijan and Armenia had in March agreed on the text of a comprehensive peace deal.
But Azerbaijan had later outlined a host of demands — including amendments to Armenia’s constitution to drop territorial claims for Karabakh — before signing the document.
Pashinyan has announced plans for a constitutional referendum in 2027, but the issue remains deeply divisive among Armenians.
Asked what Armenia stood to gain from Friday’s deal, a White House official said it was “an enormous strategic commercial partner, probably the most enormous and strategic in the history of the world: the United States of America.”
“The losers here are China, Russia, and Iran,” he said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
The disputed mountainous enclave of Karabakh is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but was controlled by pro-Armenian separatists for nearly three decades after a war following the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Azerbaijan captured part of the territory during a 2020 war, then took all of it with a lightning offensive three years later. Almost the entire local population of around 100,000 ethnic Armenians left for Armenia.
